Curtis Suttle

Biological oceanography; environmental virology; marine microbiology The virosphere exists wherever life is found; it is a major cause of mortality, a driver of global geochemical cycles, and a reservoir of the greatest unexplored genetic diversity on Earth. In oceans and freshwaters, viruses are by far the most abundant "lifeforms". The estimated 10^30 viruses in the ocean, if stretched end-to-end, would span farther than the nearest 60 galaxies. Viruses probably infect all living things from bacteria to whales, and in the ocean are responsible for about 10^23 viral infections per second. They influence the composition of marine communities, cause disease in organisms ranging from shrimp to cetaceans and drive biogeochemical cycles. Each infection potentially introduces new genetic information into an organism, or into progeny viruses; thereby driving the evolution of the host and viral assemblages. The goal of our ongoing research is to explore the vast reservoir of genetic and biological diversity in viruses in environments encompassing marine and freshwaters from the poles to the tropics, as well as in extreme terrestrial environments. Ongoing areas of research include: 1. Exploring the diversity of all types of viruses in marine and fresh waters, and the deep subsurface 2. Exploring the function and quantifying the impact of viruses on mortality, community structure and nutrient and energy cycling 3. Isolation and characterization of novel viruses 4. Developing tools to probe the diversity and function of viruses in natural systems Host-Pathogen Ecology and Evolution Microbial Communities